Clarify target audience as hobbyist gardeners
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@ -140,34 +140,38 @@ fields and gardens with drones or stationary cameras to determine soil
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and plant condition as well as when to water or
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and plant condition as well as when to water or
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fertilize~\cite{ramos-giraldo2020}. Machine learning models play an
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fertilize~\cite{ramos-giraldo2020}. Machine learning models play an
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important role in that process because they allow automated
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important role in that process because they allow automated
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decision-making in real time.
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decision-making in real time. While machine learning has been used in
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large-scale agriculture, it is also a valuable tool for household
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plants and gardens. By using machine learning to monitor and analyze
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plant conditions, homeowners can optimize their plant care and ensure
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their plants are healthy and thriving.
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\section{Motivation and Problem Statement}
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\section{Motivation and Problem Statement}
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\label{sec:motivation}
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\label{sec:motivation}
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The challenges to implement an automated system are numerous. First,
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The challenges to implement an automated system for plant surveying
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gathering data in the field requires a network of sensors which are
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are numerous. First, gathering data in the field requires a network of
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linked to a central server for processing. Since communication between
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sensors which are linked to a central server for processing. Since
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sensors is difficult without proper infrastructure, there is a high
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communication between sensors is difficult without proper
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demand for processing the data on the sensor
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infrastructure, there is a high demand for processing the data on the
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itself~\cite{mcenroe2022}. Second, differences in local soil, plant
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sensor itself~\cite{mcenroe2022}. Second, differences in local soil,
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and weather conditions require models to be optimized for these
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plant and weather conditions require models to be optimized for these
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diverse inputs. Centrally trained models often lose the nuances
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diverse inputs. Centrally trained models often lose the nuances
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present in the data because they have to provide actionable
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present in the data because they have to provide actionable
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information for a larger area~\cite{awad2019}. Third, specialized
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information for a larger area~\cite{awad2019}. Third, specialized
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methods such as hyper- or multispectral imaging in the field provide
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methods such as hyper- or multispectral imaging in the field provide
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fine-grained information about the object of interest but come with
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fine-grained information about the object of interest but come with
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substantial upfront costs.
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substantial upfront costs and are of limited interest for gardeners.
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To address all of the aforementioned problems, there is a need for an
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To address all of the aforementioned problems, there is a need for an
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installation which is deployable in the field, gathers data using
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installation which is deployable by homeowners, gathers data using
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readily available hardware and performs computation on the device
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readily available hardware and performs computation on the device
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without a connection to a central server. The device should be able to
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without a connection to a central server. The device should be able to
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visually determine whether the plants in its field of view need water
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visually determine whether the plants in its field of view need water
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or not and output its recommendation.
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or not and output its recommendation.
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The aim of this work is to develop a prototype which can be deployed
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The aim of this work is to develop a prototype which can be deployed
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in the field to survey plants and recommend watering or not. To this
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by gardeners to survey plants and recommend watering or not. To this
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end, a machine learning model will be trained to first identify the
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end, a machine learning model will be trained to first identify the
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plants in the field of view and then to determine if the plants need
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plants in the field of view and then to determine if the plants need
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water or not. The model should be suitable for edge devices equipped
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water or not. The model should be suitable for edge devices equipped
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@ -183,23 +187,22 @@ recognition may provide higher performance than would otherwise be
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achievable within the time constraints.
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achievable within the time constraints.
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The model will be deployed to the single-board computer and evaluated
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The model will be deployed to the single-board computer and evaluated
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in the field. The evaluation will seek to answer the following
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using established and well-known metrics from the field of machine
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questions:
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learning. The evaluation will seek to answer the following questions:
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\begin{enumerate}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item \emph{How well does the model work in theory and how well in
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\item \emph{How well does the model work in theory and how well in
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practice?}
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practice?}
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We will measure the performance of our model with
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We will measure the performance of our model with common metrics
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common metrics such as accuracy, F-score, receiver operating
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such as accuracy, F-score, \gls{roc} curve, \gls{auc}, \gls{iou} and
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characteristics (ROC) curve, and area under curve (AUC). These
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various \gls{map} measures. These measurements will allow
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measurements will allow comparisons between our model and existing
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comparisons between our model and existing models. We expect the
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models. We expect the plant detection part of the model to achieve
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plant detection part of the model to achieve high scores on the test
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high scores on the test dataset. However, the classification of
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dataset. However, the classification of plants into stressed and
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plants into stressed and non-stressed will likely prove to be more
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non-stressed will likely prove to be more difficult. The model is
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difficult. The model is limited to physiological markers of water
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limited to physiological markers of water stress and thus will have
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stress and thus will have difficulties with plants which do not
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difficulties with plants which do not overtly display such features.
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overtly display such features.
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Even though models may work well in theory, some do not easily
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Even though models may work well in theory, some do not easily
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transfer to practical applications. It is, therefore, important to
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transfer to practical applications. It is, therefore, important to
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@ -255,11 +258,10 @@ also shown in Figure~\ref{fig:setup}:
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classifier which will determine whether the plant needs water or
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classifier which will determine whether the plant needs water or
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not.
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not.
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\item[Deployment to SBC] The software prototype will be deployed to
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\item[Deployment to SBC] The software prototype will be deployed to
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the single-board computer in the field.
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the single-board computer.
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\item[Evaluation] The prototype will be evaluated in the field to
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\item[Evaluation] The prototype will be evaluated to determine its
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determine its feasibility and performance. During evaluation the
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feasibility and performance. During evaluation the author seeks to
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author seeks to provide a basis for answering the research
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provide a basis for answering the research questions.
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questions.
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\end{description}
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\end{description}
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\begin{figure}{H}
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\begin{figure}{H}
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