80 lines
2.7 KiB
TeX
80 lines
2.7 KiB
TeX
\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
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\usepackage{termpaper}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage{microtype}
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\usepackage{amssymb}
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\usepackage[english]{babel}
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\usepackage{csquotes}
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\usepackage[style=ieee,backend=biber]{biblatex}
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\usepackage{hyperref}
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\addbibresource{references.bib}
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%opening
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\title{Participatory Budgeting: Algorithms and Complexity}
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\author{
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\authorname{Tobias Eidelpes} \\
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\studentnumber{01527193} \\
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\curriculum{033 534} \\
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\email{e1527193@student.tuwien.ac.at}
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}
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\begin{document}
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\maketitle
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\begin{abstract}
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\end{abstract}
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\section{Introduction}
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\emph{Participatory Budgeting} (PB) is a process of democratic deliberation that
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allows residents of a municipality to decide how a part of the public budget is
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to be spent. It is a way to improve transparency and citizen involvement which
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are two important cornerstones of a democracy. PB was first realized in the
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1990s in Porto Alegre in Brazil by the Workers' Party to combat the growing
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divide between the rich city center and the poor living in the greater region.
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Owing to its success in the south of Brazil, PB quickly spread to North America,
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Europe, Asia and Africa.
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Although the process is heavily adapted by each municipality to suit the
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environment in which the residents live in, it generally follows the following
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stages \autocite{participatorybudgetingprojectHowPBWorks}:
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\begin{description}
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\item [Design the process] A rule book is crafted to ensure that the process
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is democratic.
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\item [Collect ideas] Residents propose and discuss ideas for projects.
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\item [Develop feasible projects] The ideas are developed into projects that
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can be undertaken by the municipality.
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\item [Voting] The projects are voted on by the residents.
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\item [Aggregating votes \& funding] The votes are combined to determine a
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set of winning projects which are then funded.
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\end{description}
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\noindent The two last stages \emph{voting} and \emph{aggregating votes} are of
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main interest for computer scientists, economists and social choice theorists
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because depending on how voters elicit their preferences (\emph{balloting}) and
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how the votes are aggregated through the use of algorithms, the outcome is
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different.
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\textcite{azizParticipatoryBudgetingModels2020} define a taxonomy of
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participatory budgeting scenarios where projects can be either divisible or
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indivisible and bounded or unbounded.
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\subsection{Participatory budgeting scenario}
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\label{subsec:Participatory budgeting scenario}
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Formally, a PB scenario consists of a set of projects $P = \{ p_1,\dots,p_m \}$
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where each project $p\in P$ has an associated cost $c(p):P\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$.
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\section{Section 2}
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\printbibliography
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\end{document}
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