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Add cognitive and non-cognitive trust

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Tobias Eidelpes 2021-12-14 14:36:26 +01:00
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@ -106,7 +106,43 @@ to the latter category when they are functioning well, but can easily slip into
the former in the case of a poorly trained machine learning algorithm that the former in the case of a poorly trained machine learning algorithm that
simply classifies pictures of dogs and cats always as dogs, for example. simply classifies pictures of dogs and cats always as dogs, for example.
\textcite{ferrario_ai_2020} Scholars usually divide trust either into \emph{cognitive} or
\emph{non-cognitive} forms. While cognitive trust involves some sort of rational
and objective evaluation of the trustee's capabilities, non-cognitive trust
lacks such an evaluation. For instance, if a patient comes to a doctor with a
health problem which resides in the doctor's domain, the patient will place
trust in the doctor because of the doctor's experience, track record and
education. The patient thus consciously decides that he/she would rather trust
the doctor to solve the problem and not a friend who does not have any
expertise. Conversely, non-cognitive trust allows humans to place trust in
people they know well, without a need for rational justification, but just
because of their existing relationship.
Due to the different dimensions of trust and its inherent complexity in
different contexts, frameworks for trust are an active field of research. One
such framework—proposed by \textcite{ferrario_ai_2020}—will be discussed in
the following sections.
\subsection{Incremental Model of Trust}
The framework by \textcite{ferrario_ai_2020} consists of three types of trust:
simple trust, reflective trust and paradigmatic trust. Their model thus consists
of the triple
\[ T = \langle\text{simple trust}, \text{reflective trust}, \text{paradigmatic
trust}\rangle \]
\noindent and a 5-tuple
\[ \langle X, Y, A, G, C\rangle \]
\noindent where $X$ and $Y$ denote interacting agents and $A$ the action to be
performed by the agent $Y$ to achieve goal $G$. $C$ stands for the context in
which the action takes place.
\subsubsection{Simple Trust}
\section{Taxonomy for Trustworthy AI} \section{Taxonomy for Trustworthy AI}
\label{sec:taxonomy} \label{sec:taxonomy}